Hydrocele

Introduction

A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac surrounding a testicle that causes swelling in the scrotum. Mostly common in babies, this condition can also develop in adult men due to inflammation or injury. Hydroceles are usually painless and harmless but can cause discomfort due to their size.

What is a Hydrocele?

Hydroceles occur when fluid accumulates in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle, leading to swelling of the scrotum. There are two types of hydroceles: congenital and acquired. Congenital hydroceles are present at birth and often resolve on their own during the first year of life. Acquired hydroceles develop later in life due to injury or infection within the scrotum.

Symptoms of Hydrocele

• Swelling in the Scrotum: This is the most common sign of a hydrocele. The swelling may be painless and vary in size.
• A Feeling of Heaviness: A hydrocele can give a sensation of heaviness in the scrotum.
• Discomfort: Larger hydroceles may cause discomfort but are not typically painful.

Causes of Hydrocele

• In Newborns: Hydroceles in newborns occur when the fluid that surrounds the testicle is not completely absorbed by the body.
• In Adults: Hydroceles can develop as a result of inflammation or injury within the scrotum. Other causes include infections such as epididymitis or sexually transmitted infections.

Diagnosing Hydrocele

A diagnosis of hydrocele can often be made based on a physical examination. The doctor may check for tenderness in the scrotum and shine a light through the scrotum (transillumination) to determine if the mass is solid or filled with fluid. Further diagnostic tests may include:

• Ultrasound: To rule out hernias, testicular tumours, or other causes of scrotal swelling.
• Blood Tests and Urine Tests: To check for infections or underlying health issues.